Qirat Shahid
February 29, 2024
Department of English, City College of New York
Writing for science
Deeadra Brown
Gender and age connection to disease
Introduction
Have you ever noticed that as a person grows they develop more diseases? Over the years diabetes, obesity, heart disease are more seen in society. As people grow older they develop diseases like diabetes and joint disease.There are three non-communicable diseases we will mostly focus on. Those diseases are obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Obesity is having extra fat in the body. Which can cause many health problems like cancer, cardiovascular disease, disability and musculoskeletal disease. Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is caused by the rise of glucose levels (Mayo). Pancreas doesn’t not build enough insulin. They are two types of diabetes, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. It can be caused by environmental factors,geographical factors and eating too many sweets. Diabetes can cause kidney damage, foot nerves damage, eye damage, etc. Some people will not feel any symptoms at all. They appear to be as healthy as a horse. Hypertension is also called high blood pressure. It forces blood against the artery. It damages the arteries by making the artery less elastic and causes cardiovascular disease. Effect Modification by Age and Gender in the Correlation Between Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Obesity by Ashraf El-Metwally al et talk about these three non- communicable diseases. Individuals get this disease because of their gender and age. Females and male have different physiques because of their gene expression that’s sex-specific. This difference determines insulin resistance, risk of metabolic syndrome and visceral obesity. Also, hormones have an important part in disease. Sex hormones affect social behaviors, and psychological tendencies, such as males being more prone to be involved in potentially detrimental behaviors, such as alcohol use, drug abuse, smoking, and exposure to external built and natural environments, and psychological burdens or stress to place upon their families (Metwally et al 2023). Females’ natural exposure to different kinds of stresses mainly relates to the lack of empowerment in society, low social status, and domestic responsibilities related to the household, which makes them prone to develop non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus (Metwally et al 2023). Also, high levels of testosterone in women cause an increase in diabetes and risk of metabolic syndrome. Gender and age plays a big role in this too because women are more likely to have diseases than mens.
Methods
There were 375,802 medical records from primary care centers. This medical records an individual’s age, gender and diseases that they have in their records.This data was analyzed. This data was not mainly collected for this research. This data was already in the primary center. They took that data and research on it. It was a population based study. The study used is from Sub-Saharan Africa, Taiwan, and other parts of the world. Data was extracted from March 2022 to March 2023 (Metwally et al 2023). The data collect and estimate by mean and standard deviation (±SD), median and interquartile range (IQR), or frequency and percentages (%). The data were compared using the chi-square (χ2) test.
Results
Based on the data 186,664 (49.7%) were females out of 375,802. The mean ( is average adding all numbers together and then dividing the sum .)(±SD) age was 39.7 (27.9), the median (IQR) was 36 (28-49), and the range (Minimum-Maximum)was 18 to 100 years. The mean (±SD) body mass index (BMI) was 27.9 (6.1), the median (IQR) was 27 (24-31), and the range was 15 to 51. Approximately one-third of the study subjects were obese, and 4.7% and 3.6% were diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Of all the patients diagnosed with none, only 1 or more of these 3 chronic conditions, those diagnosed only with obesity amounted to 108,851 (29%), only with diabetes 7,698 (2.1%), only with hypertension 4,862 (1.3%), only obese and diabetes 6,232 (1.7%), only obesity and hypertension 4,775 (1.3%), only diabetes and hypertension 1,784 (0.5%), ( Metwally et al 2023). This shows that the Metwally want to inform women they are more likely to get a disease. It also proves its point of view by the data they collect.
The Figure 1 graph is a great way of seeing disease in different genders. It shows that male have 40.9% obesity, 53.7% diabetes and 45.7% Hypertension. Females have 59.1% obesity, 46.3% diabetes and 54.3%. Females are more likely to have obesity and Hypertension. Females are 18.2 % more likely to get obese than male. Females are 8.6 % more likely to get hypertensive than male. Male are more likely to have diabetes. They are 7.3% more likely to have diabetes than females.
In figure 2 the graph it is visible that people less than 25 years old are 9.4% obese and by the age of 46-60% is 27.6 percent. People less than 60 years old is 16.0%. This show as age increases obese is increasing. Diabetes at the age less than 25 years old is 3.8% and by less than 60 years old is 40.4%. Hypertension at the age less than 25 years old is 1.0% and by less than 60 years old is 43.4%. This shows that as age increases more individuals have obesity, diabetes and hypertension.
Discussed
As you can see, Gender and age plays a big role in this too because women are more likely to have diseases than mens. Based on the data we collected the results show that Females are more likely to have obesity and Hypertension than male. Male are more likely to have diabetes than females. As the age increases more individuals have obesity, diabetes and hypertension. After 46 years of age, disease start raising among individuals above 60 years of age that disease is at it . As you grow old there will be some kind of disease. But let’s remember that stress and hormone change can cause diseases. So, the first step to be healthy is to take care of yourself. Do exercise everyday and eat healthy.
Reference
Ashraf El-Metwally al et. Effect Modification by Age and Gender in the Correlation Between Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Obesity. New York: Journal of Primary care & Community Health https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/21501319231220234
Mayo.2023 Diabetes. New York: Mayo Chinic
2024 Obesity: Health consequences of being overweight New York: World Health Organization
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Qirat Shahid
February 29, 2024
Department of English, City College of New York
Writing for science
Deeadra Brown
Draft 1: Gender connection to disease
Have you ever noticed that as a person grows they develop more diseases? Over those years diabetes, obesity, heart disease are more seen in society. As people grow older they develop diseases like diabetes and joint disease. Gender plays a big role in this too because women are more likely to have diseases than mens and the author informs its audience by using data they collected because it uses application appeals and the tone is straightforward and the general audience that will be interested in this article are older generations.
The general audience that will be interested in this article’s are older generations. This article is special is fore women. For example, Females had a relatively higher proportion of obesity (58.1% vs 41.2%), obesity and diabetes only (58.9% vs 41.1%), obesity and hypertension (63.6% vs 36.4%), and joint diagnosis with 3 conditions (65.7% vs 34.3%). Females’ participants consistently had a significantly higher likelihood of diagnosis compared with males except for diabetes ( Metwally et al 2023). This shows that the Metwally want to inform women they are more likely to get a disease. It also proves its point of view by the data they collect. This shows its data to make the audience believe. When the audience sees the data they are more likely to believe it.
The article’s tone is straightforward and serious. It is serious because the audience only talks about disease that is affected by increasing age and gender. For example, tends to rise after 46 years of age, with the highest burden among individuals above 60 years of age ( Metwally et al 2023). This shows that the author only talks about the tops. They have no jokes or talk about other topics. The author wants information from the audience about the data they collect.
The author uses application appeals. For example The study was a retrospective analysis of 375 802 medical records from primary care centers. Data was extracted from March 2022 to March 2023 (Metwally et al 2023). This shows that they talk about information diseases that females and male are going to get from their gender and increase age. They collected that from the primary care center. The information is for specific people. Therefore, this application appeals.
As you can see, women are more likely to have diseases than mens and the author informs its audience by using data they collected because it uses application appeals and the tone is straightforward and the general audience that will be interested in this article are older generations. Specifically women will get this disease more than men. It uses application appeals because it is for women and men that are older. It only talks about diseases.
Qirat Shahid
May 20, 2024
Reflections: General Audience Paper
My strength was to use mostly logos. For example in the General Audience Paper, “ Based on the data 186,664 (49.7%) were females out of 375,802. The mean ( is average adding all numbers together and then dividing the sum .)(±SD) age was 39.7 (27.9), the median (IQR) was 36 (28-49), and the range (Minimum-Maximum)was 18 to 100 years. The mean (±SD) body mass index (BMI) was 27.9 (6.1), the median (IQR) was 27 (24-31), and the range was 15 to 51.”I learn to use rhetorical terms to get my reader’s attention.I learned that logos are one of the best ways to get reader attention. I have learned to negotiate your own writing goals and audience expectations regarding conventions of genre, medium, and rhetorical situations. For example myGeneral Audience Paper. I have learned to write professionally and scientifically because that is what my audience wants in a literature review. I was able to use scientific, straight forward and professional language and read that lab and understand it. Another strength is practice using various library resources, online databases, and the Internet to locate sources appropriate to my writing essay.
My weakness is enhancing strategies for reading, drafting, revising, editing, and self-assessment because even after revising and editing. I still have grammar mistakes. When I self-assess or revise I would alway see everything is perfect. When it is not. So, for Next time I would go to the writing center for help. Another weakness is developing and engaging in the collaborative and social aspects of writing processes.
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